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This essay will address primarily the legal status of the Moon, using the existing framework on the subject. The later Moon Treaty established that the Moon shall be regarded as common heritage of mankind, in a similar regime as the one applicable to the Deep Sea Bed Area. The Outer Space Treaty forbids the placement of weapons of mass destruction in space it also addressed the situation of lunar sovereignty, claiming that the celestial bodies could not be subject of national appropriation.
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These treaties, while overlapping to some degree, settled a series of principles regarding human activities outside Earth. Those treaties are the Outer Space Treaty (1967) and the Moon Treaty (1979), currently the existing legal framework valid to some extent. Nevertheless, during the Cold War and because of the progress in the field of space exploration in those early years, some international treaties related to the legal status of the Moon and the outer space region arose, creating a legal regime that is still valid today.
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Law in this area is not particularly broad. Besides nations, several private corporations had expressed interest in lunar missions of one kind or another. In 2013, China became the third country to land a spacecraft on the Moon, and other nations have places for lunar missions in the next several years. Whether because of helium-3 or not, several nations have recently shown interest in returning to the Moon. It is also environmentally friendly, producing no greenhouse gases or radiation. This scarce element could be used in energy production, in fusion power plants that-hypothetically-could produce an amount equivalent to 130,000,000 barrels of oil per ton of He-3. In 1985, researchers at the University of Wisconsin discovered that the lunar soil had a considerable amount of the rare isotope of helium known as helium-3 (He-3). The United States had won the space race, and no serious efforts have since been made by any nation to return to the Moon. After that historical breakthrough and for decades to come, space exploration suffered a considerable slowdown. The US government stated later that no sovereignty claims of any kind were made on the Moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin placed an American flag in the lunar surface, winning the space race against the Soviet Union. In 1969, the United States successfully performed the first human landing on the surface of the Moon.